Improving High Levels Of Performance - 1529 Words

According to Zain and Hassan (2007); and Drucker (1985), large enterprises like International Business Machines, Apple, Sony, Hewlett Packard and Microsoft have been able to sustain high levels of performance by behaving entrepreneurially. According to Pinchot (1985) the term refers to the development of internal markets and relatively small and independent units designed to create internal ventures and expand innovative staff services, technologies and methods within a large organization. Selecting an appropriate basis for defining BE and understanding its process is a real challenge for researchers due to the absence of a universally accepted definition of BE (Kuratko 2009). Based on the literature, the main elements of BE definitions†¦show more content†¦Conceptual model of entrepreneurial orientation performance relationship posits that the five dimensions: innovativeness, risk taking, pro-activeness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomyaffect organizational performan ce (Lumpkin and Dess 1996). For the purpose of this study we will be focusing on this dimension as basis for business entrepreneurship performanceamongSME’s. 2.3. ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATIVENESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE 2.3.1 Strategic Renewal and Organizational Performance Researchers seeking perspectives to enhancing performance and sustained survival of organizations have extensively in literature discussed strategic management. Ramiretz and Wallin, (2000) defined strategic renewal as the core which involves the transformation of organization capabilities that can reposition the firm in terms of its market or product mix which ultimately develops new markets or industries. This definition convey the fact that strategic renewal is an action aimed at examining critically all aspects of work (technology, structure, product, human resource) with a view to reaching strategic decisions that will assist in repositioning the organization. Ahlstrand and Lampel, (1998) in theirShow MoreRelatedPhilips Improvement to Job Analysis and Design1531 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations, since poor job analysis and design result in poor job performances of employees and organizational performances. This essay is based on Philips’ changes in its workplace design in a factory. In the past, the factor’s old operation line had generated poor employee and organizational performance such as low morale of employees, high rate of turnover, and poor quality control. While redesign its operation line, Philips has gained a high productive workforce, such as building self-management teamsRead MoreLeveraging Labor Relations1366 Words   |  6 Pagesidea for most companies. This is because some of them already have large sums of money borrowed from banks, and most banks prefer not to increase these amounts. In addition to this, interest rates determine the increase of the investments made in improving health care services. Another strategy that company can use in order to improve the health care services they provide to their employees is represented by better negotiations between these companies and health care services providers. These providersRead MoreMountain High Bike Is A Company881 Words   |  4 PagesMountain High Bike is a company that sells directly to bike shops. Their mission is building high-quality, reliable bikes at comparative prices. They want to continuously improve the functionality, reliability, and quality of bikes. . While considering a balanced scorecard, there are several steps involved in implementing. Mountain High Bike also should consider four perspectives of the balanced scorecard and the strategic and discuss the pros and cons of the balanced scorecard There several stepsRead MoreThe Performance Management System at Luminex Organization697 Words   |  3 PagesExecutive Summary The Performance Management (PM) system refers to the organization activity to ensure that employees work is aligned with the company strategic objectives, vision and the goals are met consistently and efficiently. Performance appraisals and awards systems are tools of PM that can improve the work performance of employees by helping them realize their full potentials in carrying out their organization mission; ensure that employees understand what is expected from them, andRead MoreHigh Levels Of Teacher Turnover Negatively Affects Student Achievement1596 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductory Statement: According to studies like those done by the Harvard Report, research has shown that high levels of teacher turnover negatively affects student achievement. There are additional studies like those done by the Teachers College Record, that indicate low teacher retention rates are often caused by poor working conditions within high-poverty schools. A school’s leadership, culture, and relationships within the school all affect working conditions and teacher satisfaction, whichRead MoreManaging Oneself796 Words   |  4 Pagesan effective tool for improving performance. Feedback analysis has three steps for improving performance: concentrate on your strengths, work on improving your strengths, and to discover and improve your weakness. In the first step, one should concentrate on placing themselves in a position where their strengths can produce results. In the second step, the feedback analysis will show where one needs to improve skills or gain new ones, therefore one should w ork on improving their strengths. In theRead MoreComparison of Two Companies and Their Approach to Staff Motivation818 Words   |  3 Pagesand employee development that enables the organisation to provide quality services to its customer. Team brief is the one of the approached used for enabling and improving upward and downward communication through MS. work recognition also provided by the company where employees performed well and are given work recognition reward. High promotion is offered by MS and encourages employees to perform well above. The company don’t have monetary but a lot recognition such if employees performed beyondRead MoreEffective Communication Is Appropriate For An Organization1280 Words   |  6 Pagesrecommendations to support improved performance of high quality professional roles and responsibilities (Soltani Maupetit, 2013). Such expectations are appropriate in improving the ability of the firm’s leaders to expand the assurance practice. The organization should also create a panel to recommend the firm’s leadership to support a positive and importance message to enhance performance. The communication of the strategy is an important aspect to enhance performance. The strategies can be communicatedRead MoreThe Concepts And Concerns About Performance Management1274 Words   |  6 Pagestheoretical concepts and concerns about performance management. Its definition, essences and principles also purposes will be explained. 2.4. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2.4.1. Definition Many scholars have defined performance management, as it is aforementioned, the concepts itself are ambiguous and being used interchangeably with other term. The definition of performance management may be deduced from the definitions of performance and management. Performance defined as the potential for future successfulRead MoreThe Importance Of Teacher Quality And Promote Learning1728 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironment, Instruction, and Professional Responsibilities. Within each of the 4 domains, there are descriptive elements exemplifying the characteristics of the domain. Teacher quality is an important factor in maintaining excellence in educational performance within school districts. Therefore, districts must determine an effective and efficient way of evaluating new teachers and career teachers in order to provide teachers with a fair and valid summation of teaching responsibilities. Utilizing this

Criminal Punishment And The Criminal Justice System

Few decisions in the criminal justice system apply as much influence over the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of criminal offenders as the final sentencing decision. Judges have an extensive range of sentencing options. These options range from fines, restitution, and probation to incarceration in jail or prison. For much of the 20th century, criminal sentencing practices remained largely unchanged in the United States. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a practical revolution in criminal punishment processes. A number of different sentencing reforms have been recently expanded, resulting in a mix of different legal approaches to sentencing in the United States today. I will begin with a brief overview of sentencing†¦show more content†¦Lastly, rehabilitation is a philosophy of punishment that stresses individual offender reform. According to this perception, the purpose of this punishment should be to address the fundamental causes of crime in order to reduce future offending. In practice, these various sentencing foundations often coincide, throughout history major changes in sentencing have often followed model changes in major philosophies of punishment. During colonial times, criminal sentencing in America was initially based on retribution and then later on deterrence (Walker, 1998). By the late 1800s, however, sentencing in America had become carefully conquered by rehabilitation. The goal of criminal punishment was to reform the offender by shifting the basic causes of crime. In order to accomplish this, criminal sentences had to be necessarily flexible to be separately reformed to the sole needs of particular offenders. This led to a system of punishment known as â€Å"indeterminate sentencing.† Sentences often consisted of wide ranges of minimum and maximum terms that could spring from a single day to a lifetime in prison. These far-reaching sentences provided maximum flexibility for determining when an offender was therefore ready to be released back into society. Judges would determine the ranges of punishment, and then release their decisions to be made by prison authorities or parole boards. Such authorities would exercise considerable discretion inShow MoreRelatedPunishment And The Criminal Justice System1776 Words   |  8 PagesIf we accept that punishment is justified in certain circumstances, then, ideally, it should only be incurred by individuals whose actions warrant punishment. I think, at least amongst civilised society, this opinion cannot be disputed. The difficult question is not whether punishment should be deserved, but when punishment should be deserved. The quotation above suggests that in order to be worthy of punishment, the defendant must have consciously chosen to have committed the wrong of which he orRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The Criminal Justice System1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, capital punishment has always been the spotlight of many debates concerning the consequences of severe crimes. A lthough capital punishment is deemed to be acceptable for violent crimes such as murder, there are numerous individuals who oppose the usage of capital punishment against violent offenders. Both proponents and opponents have given countless opinions concerning the deterrence effect of capital punishment. Research studies have also added fuel to the debate in regardsRead MorePunishment Of A Crime And Criminal Justice System994 Words   |  4 Pages The history of punishment in America has had multiple changes in order for the rules and regulations to adapt to societies changing ways. The most common punishment is jail time or imprisonment, however in this date and age time punishment is not the only option to punish a criminal of the society, probation, parole, house arrest and even being put in solitary confinement, or worse the death penalty are options. With this in mind we must as a society and criminal justice system be able to applyRead MoreJuvenile Justice System Is Not The Punishment Of The Criminals3535 Words   |  15 Pagesany community cursed with crime is not the punishment of the criminals, but the preventing of the young from being trained to crime† (Du Bois, 1903). Though W.E.B. Du Bois wrote this quote well over a century ago, it still reflects the truth we hold today. This is especially apparent when we examine the intent of the modern juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice system operates under a system referred to as juvenile court. Although this system was developed in Cook County, Illinois in theRead MoreUtilitarian Theory of Punishment in the Criminal Justice System763 Words   |  4 PagesThere is an ongoing problem in our society regarding punishment and responsibility. We, as a society, tend to look away when it comes to how criminals are being punished and maybe we should be paying more attention. Violence seems to be an integral part of our society, some raise their children with violence, we watch it on television, read it in newspapers and books and now we are even playing violent video games. When it comes to the judicial system the majority of citizens do not even know how individualsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Over Time Implemented And Changed The Means Of Sentencing And Punishment Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesOur criminal justice system has over time implemented and changed the means of sentencing an d punishment for crimes. In the United States plea deals are accountable for 90% of criminal cases. A plea deal is an agreement between prosecutor and defendant in whom the defendant accepts a guilty plea to a charge and in return receives some type of concession from the prosecution. As we have moved forward in the judicial system and now have the ability to look back on previous cases, plea deals have becomeRead MoreThe Doctrinal Design Has Been Used To Study The Jurisprudential1425 Words   |  6 Pagesis the status of child witnesses in the Criminal Justice system? 1.6 Chapterization Scheme:It should in sentence format CHAPTER NAME CONTENTS 1. Introduction Witness assumes additional significance in adversarial system of criminal justice where the onus of proving the case lies on the prosecution and the witness of prosecution becomes important in the pursuit of exploring the truth. 2. Criminal Justice System in India Our adversarial criminal justice system aims at reducing the level of criminalityRead MoreCrime System And Criminal Justice System Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The criminal justice system has evolved on the decades. From initially being constituted by the victim to eventually becoming constituted by written laws. There have been several changes made within the justice system, so in the following I will discuss my perspectives of the researched information and the noted changes of a system that was created by the people for the people. Topic I – Victim Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System A. Responsibilities of the victim’s past/presentRead MoreImplementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender1653 Words   |  7 PagesAchieving justice for all and providing appropriate punishment to fit all crimes is a prominent issue within the criminal justice system. In considering an effective punishment for an offender, the law must be mindful of both the moral and legal rights of a number of parties, including the society, the offender, and the victim, in order to achieve true justice for all (Warren 2005) - a process proving controversial and almost impossible in many cases. Whilst aiming to provide a system in which citizensRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems Paper1153 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Justice System Paper The criminal justice system and the criminal justice process has shaped the laws of this country into what they are today from the concerns of politicians and government leaders as far back as the 1800s with crime control. Basically, the criminal justice system was designed to ensure the safety of individuals whom are citizens of this country. Essentially, the criminal justice system is â€Å"the structural basis used to maintain social control† (Education Decisions

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 23 Free Essays

â€Å"If we don’t initiate Scarlett into the Circle,† Adam said, â€Å"we’ll be much weaker when we’re fighting the hunters.† The rain continued pouring down in sheets. Cassie watched it through the large bay window in Diana’s living room. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was better than staring down at the magenta ink of Scarlett’s name on Suzan’s family tree. â€Å"We have to initiate her,† Melanie said. â€Å"Nothing matters more than defeating the hunters, especially after what they did to Suzan.† â€Å"But we know she has ulterior motives and can’t be trusted,† Nick said. â€Å"Remember, she wanted Cassie’s place in the Circle so she could use our Circle’s power for her own agenda. She’d be as bad as initiating Black John himself.† Melanie scoffed at Nick. â€Å"That’s an overstatement if I’ve ever heard one.† Cassie wanted this conversation to stop. The sky outside had settled to a deep purple and the clouds rolled and shifted in ever-changing shapes. Cassie saw a heart and then a castle, and then nothing, just a sheet of gray. Her mind wandered and an image flashed into view: herself back at the Mission House on the brink of killing Scarlett. But this time she’d gone through with it. She completed the killing spell and Scarlett’s eyes had glassed over the way Suzan’s had up on the roof, and then she stiffened to a lifeless statue. Cassie imagined exactly what it would feel like for Scarlett to be gone forever – how the Circle would be free at last. That’s it, Cassie thought. That was the solution. She would have to kill Scarlett. Then they could take their chances with another lost family member to be next in line for the Circle. But then she shook the idea from her mind. No, she told herself. Send light to that dark thought, and cast it away. Cassie knew she had to fight off every evil intention the moment it appeared now, before it could really get to her and take hold. â€Å"Cassie,† Adam said. â€Å"Are you okay? You’re as pale as a ghost.† â€Å"I’m fine.† But the faintness of Cassie’s voice gave her away. â€Å"See,† Melanie said. â€Å"Even Cassie is weaker now. I told you.† â€Å"I’m not weaker,† Cassie shot back. But Melanie was adamant. â€Å"Yes, you are. We all are.† â€Å"Let’s just see about that.† Chris directed his attention to the bowl of fruit on Diana’s coffee table. â€Å"Who wants to see me levitate an apple?† he asked. But seconds passed and nothing happened. The apple didn’t move, and Chris grew more and more frustrated as the clock continued to tick. Melanie crossed her arms over her chest, looking smug. â€Å"Maybe if we both try,† Doug said, going to his brother’s side. He focused his attention on the fruit as well. With their combined powers, the apple began to shiver. It lifted from the bowl for a brief second, but then it dropped back down. â€Å"Shoot.† Chris was breathless with fatigue. â€Å"We almost had it.† â€Å"Thank you for proving just how powerless we are,† Nick said. He looked worriedly at Cassie. â€Å"We may actually be weaker than we were before you came to town.† Cassie returned her gaze to the window and took a deep breath. It was becoming more and more clear that their only option wasn’t destroying Scarlett. It was going against all logic and asking her to join them. â€Å"We can barely do the simplest everyday magic with an incomplete Circle,† Melanie said. â€Å"Let alone anything strong enough to fight off the hunters. I say we initiate Scarlett, defeat the hunters, and then figure out what to do with her later.† â€Å"What do you mean, ‘figure out what to do with her later’?† Diana narrowed her eyes at Melanie. â€Å"Once she’s initiated, we’re bound to her. You know that. Using her and then betraying her would compromise the integrity of our Circle. Not to mention our self-respect.† That’s probably what Scarlett will do to us, Cassie thought, but saying so would only make things worse. She stood up and took the center of the room. â€Å"There is no good decision to make here,† she said. â€Å"Only a less bad one. As much as I hate to admit this, I think we do need Scarlett.† Nick’s jaw tightened as he ground his teeth. â€Å"I don’t want her as a member,† he said. â€Å"There must be another option.† â€Å"It’s Scarlett or no one,† Adam said, refusing to make eye contact with Nick as he addressed the group. â€Å"We don’t have to trust her, but I think we do have to initiate her. You know what they say about keeping your enemies close. Well, we can’t keep her much closer than in our Circle. At least she’ll be somewhere we can keep an eye on her.† â€Å"Great,† Nick said. â€Å"So we can have a front-row seat as she takes control of us.† â€Å"Now hold on.† Diana raised her arms to quiet both of them. â€Å"There are eleven of us and one Scarlett. What makes you so sure it’ll be that easy for her to take control of us?† â€Å"Yeah,† Sean said. â€Å"One bad seed can’t spoil the bunch, otherwise Faye would have ruined our Circle long ago.† Faye glared at Sean as Diana continued. â€Å"My point is, we know what Scarlett is capable of, so we’re less likely to fall for any of her tricks. And don’t forget, we have the Master Tools back in our possession.† Nick considered Diana’s argument for a few seconds before conceding. â€Å"Fine,† he said. â€Å"If Cassie’s willing to take a chance on Scarlett, then I’m with her.† â€Å"Do we all agree, then?† Adam asked. Nobody spoke out to disagree, which was as close to consensus as they were going to get. â€Å"Good. It’s settled,† Adam said. â€Å"Cassie and I will take care of telling Scarlett the news and bringing her back to New Salem tomorrow.† As the group started to split up and head home for the night, the full impact of the decision sunk in. Had she really agreed to bring the other girl Adam’s soul was connected to back into her life? The girl who had tried to kill her, and whom she had tried to kill? It was like restriking a dulled match just to see what would burn. Cassie reached for Adam’s hand and squeezed it. â€Å"I’ll catch up with you a little later,† she said. â€Å"I want to have a word with Diana.† Adam kissed her on the lips without question, so she didn’t have to explain exactly why she wanted to speak to Diana. She didn’t have to justify her father’s Book of Shadows shoved deep into the bottom of her tote bag. She simply waited for everyone to trickle out of Diana’s house until it was just the two of them. â€Å"I thought you left with Adam,† Diana said, when she realized Cassie had been lingering. â€Å"Can we talk?† Cassie asked. Diana nervously glanced around the living room even though they were alone, perhaps because she thought Cassie was going to ask her about Max. â€Å"Let’s go up to my bedroom,† she said, leading Cassie to the stairs. It had been a long time since Cassie and Diana hung out on Diana’s bed sharing secrets. After only a few moments of sitting there, Cassie was overwhelmed with longing for those simpler times. Before Scarlett had entered their lives, and even further back, before Adam had become an issue between them. Diana huddled close to Cassie and asked, â€Å"Do you think Suzan’s father knew about Laura Forsythe? Or that she’d had a daughter?† â€Å"My guess is he never knew Scarlett existed,† Cassie said. â€Å"But even if he did, it’s ancient history now.† Diana nodded. â€Å"It’s just so strange, how connected we all are, even when we don’t know it. And even when we don’t want to be.† Cassie sensed Diana was referring to more than just their familial lines. â€Å"I get the feeling you’re thinking about Max,† she said. â€Å"And the silver cord.† Diana got quiet and Cassie had the urge to tell her all about the cord between Adam and Scarlett. She wanted to cry about it on Diana’s shoulder until she delivered some typical words of Diana wisdom that would make it all better. Unfortunately, there were more pressing issues to deal with. Cassie dug through her bag until she retrieved her father’s book. She held it out to Diana. â€Å"Will you hold on to this for me? To keep it away from me for a little while?† Diana eyed the book carefully, and then gently accepted it from Cassie’s hands. â€Å"Of course. But why?† Lines of worry creased Diana’s forehead as Cassie described how she had felt on the roof when she used dark magic against the hunters. Cassie also told her what had happened with Scarlett in Stockbridge. â€Å"I went into a trance,† Cassie said. â€Å"And I almost killed Scarlett. I know it’s because of the book. It’s doing things to my mind.† Diana nodded gravely. â€Å"Like Adam said, you’re bound to the book now. And we still don’t fully understand what that means.† â€Å"But the worst part,† Cassie said, â€Å"is that it feels really good when I’m like that. It’s the most seductive pleasure – I can’t even describe it. And it’s only afterward, after I snap out of it, that I feel bad.† Cassie looked down, ashamed. â€Å"Hey.† Diana put her arm around her. â€Å"We’ve all succumbed to temptation at one time or another. Even when we know it can be damaging.† â€Å"But I’m afraid one of these days I’ll take it too far. What if I do something I can’t take back – or worse, what if I can’t get myself back? Every time it happens I feel like I’m going in deeper and deeper.† â€Å"You don’t have to worry,† Diana said. â€Å"I’ll keep the book safe, and together we’ll keep you safe.† Cassie felt better already. If there was anyone on earth who could be trusted with the book, it was Diana. But she still felt the need to give Diana a stern warning. â€Å"You have to let me know if anything out of the ordinary happens, do you understand? If you start feeling strange, or if it seems to be speaking to you.† Diana nodded solemnly. â€Å"If that happens, we’ll find something else to do with it,† Cassie said. â€Å"I don’t want you going through what I have.† â€Å"Neither do I,† Diana said, trying to make light of the heavy situation. â€Å"Trust me. I’ve had my fair share of transgressions lately as it is.† â€Å"And whatever you do,† Cassie said, â€Å"don’t let Faye know you have it. In fact, don’t let anybody know. Not even Adam.† Diana hesitated but then agreed. â€Å"It’ll be our secret.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 23, Essay examples

Testicular Cancer

Question: Analysing the impacts of testicular cancer and examining the causes and symptoms of the disease? Answer: This paper aims at analysing the impacts of testicular cancer and examining the causes and symptoms of the disease. Further, it tends to highlight the burden associated with the area under consideration from an Australian Perspective. By definition, Testicular cancer is most common types of cancer among male between the age group of 15-35. However, the problem of Testicular cancer can arise in men older than 35 years also (Whipple, 2013). Hence, it is required that men take care of their health and consult the physician if symptoms are detected. Studies carried on Testicular cancer reveal that this cancer is mostly observed in young men and the chances of having this cancer are usually very rare. Testicular cancer usually occurs at different stages. In all, there are around four stages of testicular cancer. At the first stage, the cancer is confined to testicles only. At stage two, the cancer is likely to spread in other parts and hence spread to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. This is located rear of the body below the diaphragm and between kidneys. At stage three, the cancer has spread more and targets the remote sites of the body like lungs, kidneys, brains etc. At fourth stage, the patient is likely to die. Studies reveal that men usually detect testicular cancer themselves either while self-examining or by accident. Testis is usually soft and oval-shaped (Krege, 2008). Men who examine themselves frequently can easily detect any changes in their testis. There are no fixed causes of testicular cancer. Although researchers have been trying to find the most potential causes that lead to testicular cancer but there hasnt been any development in the area. Further, testicular cancer is not contagious and doesnt spread from one person to another. Studies reveal that testicular cancer can be common in men whose testicles dont develop normally. Men whose mothers have taken a hormone called DES to prevent miscarriage might also face difficulty with their testis. Besides this, men who might have got some kind of injury to scrotum also develop testicular cancer. There are numerous symptoms that can let men know that they might be suffering from testicular cancer. These can include: a lump is testicle, enlarged testicle, shrinking of testicle, change in consistency of testicle, heaviness in scrotum, pain in lower abdomen, and accumulation of fluid in scrotum, pain in testicle or tenderness of breasts. These are clear symptoms of testicular cancer (Krege, 2008). This kind of cancer puts immense burden on the healthcare system, people and government as a whole. The testicular cancer is estimated to be one of the leading causes of burden of disease among men in Australia. The cases of Testicular cancer have been rising in Australia since the last few years. For the men in Australia, the risk of being diagnosed with testicular cancer by the age of 85 years is 1 to 214. The number of men diagnosed with this cancer has increased by more than 50% in the las t 30 years. The reason for this growth is still not known in Australia, however some of the factors that may increase a mans risk of having this cancer include an abnormal testicle when he was an infant, family history i.e. having a father or sibling who has had suffered from testicular cancer, previous male infertility and Down syndrome. Fortunately, most testicular cancers in Australia are successfully diagnosed and treated well in time (Krege, 2008). The Testicular cancer is estimated to be the reason for over 1000 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Australia. In this case, DALYs stand for the years of healthy life lost due to testicular cancer in Australia(Craig, 2009). These years have either been lost through premature deaths or by living with disability due to testicular cancer. Australia has the third highest age standardized incidence rates of Testicular cancer (6.1) around the after New Zealand (7.8) and the United Kingdom (6.3). In many countries including Australia, Testicular cancer is the most commonly identified or diagnosed disease among the men aged between 15-40 years. Since the incidence rate of Testicular cancer has been increasing among men of reproductive age in Australia, the disease has been causing a lot of burden on the people and healthcare system of the continent (Rustin, 2009). Due to this, it has been predicted that the high estrogens levels in the womb might contribute to the development of test icular cancer. The increasing cases of testicular cancer directly link to a strong birth cohort effect. All of this has been resulting in a lot of burden on the people and healthcare system of Australia. On the other hand, there has been a commendable decline in the Testicular cancer mortality rate in Australia in a span of past few years since the healthcare system has been striving hard to devise treatments that could successfully lessen the burden of Testicular cancer (Atkin, 1982). The introduction of advanced chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, as well as guidelines to help standardise the tumour management has helped a lot in the declination of mortality rate due to testicular cancer in Australia. While an untreated testicular cancer metastasizes and gradually leads to the death of the victim, the advances in treatment in Australia have led to an increase in 5-year survival rates during the span of last 30 years (Rustin, 2007). But a huge burden of testicular cancer still prevails in Australia because the incidence rates of the tumour continue to rise among men in the continent. The reasons for the cancer need to be known as only this could help the healthcare system in the country to devise appropriate techniques and uproot the causes of Testicular cancer. References Whipple, T. (2013). "Male cancer is almost beaten after chance find". The Times. Accessed on 28 Feb, 2015. Krege, S. (2008). "European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer: a report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus group (EGCCCG): part I". European Urology 53 (3): 478496. Craig, R. (2009). "Testicular Cancer: A Prototypic Tumor of Young Adults., Seminars in oncology 36 (5): 432438. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.07.006. PMC 2796329. PMID 19835738. Rustin, G. (2007). "Randomized trial of two or five computed tomography scans in the surveillance of patients with stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: Medical Research Council Trial TE08; ISRCTN56475197the National Cancer Research Institute Testis Cancer Clinical Studies Group". JCO 25 (11): 13101315. Atkin, C. (1982). "Specific chromosome change, i(12p), in testicular tumours?". Lancet 2 (8311): 1349.